Infertility-Causes and Risk Factors
Almost all the people at some part of time want to start their family and plan children, there are many who conceive children within a year of unprotected sexual intercourse, but there are few who could not conceive children due to various reasons. Infertility can be defined as the inability to conceive a child even after having unprotected sexual intercourse for 12 months or more in a row without any contraception.
Causes of infertility in women:
Around 50 % of infertility cases are due to female infertility factors. The following factors result in female infertility:
- Problems associated with ovulation: The following causes can result in problems associated with ovulation. Problem due to ovulation can be caused either due to one or more of the following causes:
- Hormonal imbalance
- Uterine tumor or cyst
- Eating disorders like anorexia, or eating very little or bulimia, or eating a lot.
- Problems associated with thyroid glands.
- Overweight
- Stress
- Intense exercise
- Short menstrual cycle.
- Damage to the fallopian tube or uterus: The damage to the fallopian tube or uterus can be caused either due to one or more of the following causes:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- History of infection
- Uterine Polyp
- Endometriosis
- Uterine fibroid
- History of tubal pregnancy
- Chronic medical illness
- Scar tissues in the uterus
- Birth defect
- DES syndrome
- Abnormal cervical mucus can also cause infertility by preventing the sperms to reach the eggs, sometimes even making it difficult for the sperms to penetrate the egg.
- Age is a very important cause for developing infertility because as a women age, the fertility of women tends to decrease.
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Causes associated with infertility in men:
There are various causes for infertility in men. They can be either due to the following reasons:
- Causes associated with semen: Semen is white fluid released during orgasm consisting of sperms and fluid.
- Low sperms count
- Low sperms mobility
- Abnormal sperm
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Causes of abnormal sperms:
- Medical conditions like testicular infection or cancer.
- Undescended testicles
- Varicose veins in the scrotum
- Blockage in ejaculatory ducts
- Hormonal imbalance
- Genetic disorder life, Klinefelter’s syndrome.
- History of mumps during puberty
- Hypospadias
- Cystic fibrosis
- Radiation therapy
- Medical conditions like Anaemia, diabetes, thyroid disorder, Cushing’s syndrome.
- Male fertility begins to fall after 40 years.
- Smoking
- Too much alcohol consumption
- Mental stress
Infertility Risk Factors
- For both men and women, fertility starts to fall down with age while for women fertility begins to fall around 35 years, whereas for men fertility starts to decrease around 40 years.
- Smoking tobacco significantly decreases fertility in both men and women. Passive smoking also increases the chances of infertility.
Alcohol decreases fertility in both sexes.
- Obesity
- Mental stress
- An eating disorder like anorexia or bulimia
- Obesity
- Unhealthy diet
- Too much or lack of exercise
- Sexually transmitted diseases, as they cause inflammation of the scrotum in males and damage to the fallopian tubes in females.
- Exposure to some chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, and metals like the lead.
- Mental stress.
IVF/Infertility / Reproductive Treatment Hospitals in India
- CIMAR Hospital, Edappally, Kerala, India
- Kinder Womens Hospital Kerala, India
- Cloudnine, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Breech Candy, Mumbai Maharashtra India
- Rainbow Children’s Medicare Pvt. Ltd. , Hyderabad
- Bloom IVF Centre, Chandigarh India
- Ruby Hall IVF Centre, Wanowrie,Pune
- D Hinduja Hospital For Neurology, Mumbai
- Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, India
- Max Super Speciality Hospital, Ghaziabad (Best multi-specialty accredited hospitals from Ghaziabad)
- Max Multi-speciality, New Delhi
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What are the symptoms of infertility?
Infertility can be defined as the inability to conceive a child even after having unprotected sexual intercourse for 12 months or more in a row without any contraception. Around 50 % of infertility cases are due to female infertility factors. The major factors contributing to female infertility are hormonal imbalance or problems associated with ovulation.
Signs and symptoms:
The Major symptom obviously is not able to get pregnant (in the absence of using any contraceptive mechanism).
The other symptoms are irregular or no menstrual periods in women and hormonal problems or sexual dysfunction in men.