Neuroendoscopy: Risk factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Neurological-endoscopy-or-Neuroendoscopy is a boon for brain surgery especially for those parts of the brain that cannot be reached through traditional surgical methods. It is a minimally invasive surgical process in which a surgeon removes the tumor through small holes either in the skull or through mouth or nose.
A telescope equipped with a high-resolution camera is used to do Neuroendoscopy. The high-resolution camera helps the surgeon to have access to the tumor.
Neuroendoscopy was first performed a hundred years in around 1910 by a urologist for choroid plexus surgery in a patient having hydrocephalus. Neuroendoscopy plays a significant role especially in the treatment of pineal gland tumor.
In what kind of brain tumor neurological endoscopy used?
Neurological endoscopy is useful for the following brain tumor surgery:
- Pineal gland region tumor
- Pituitary tumor
- Tumor at the base of the skull
- Rathke’s cleft cysts
- Ventricular tumor
Indications for neurological endoscopy
Clear visualization of anatomy is very important to do an endoscopy. With crystal clear cerebrospinal fluid lesions in Ventricular system subarachnoid space and Cystic lesion give the best condition for endoscopy.
Hydrocephalus small intraventricular lesion space occupying and arachnoid and parenchymal cysts are successfully treated using neuro-endoscopy.
Endoscopy along with neuronavigation together increases the chances of the accuracy of the surgery and it also is a positive sign that this technique will expand in the future.
What to expect during the procedure of neurological endoscopy ?
For the surgery, the patient lies down in supine position with the slightly anteflexed head which rests on a horse-shoe shaped pillow after inducing anesthesia. The best place for entry of the endoscope is determined through CT scan and MRI to avoid unnecessary brain cell trauma.
The procedure of neuroendoscopy uses an endoscopy which is a small flexible tube, which has a small camera attached to it along with a small set of surgical instruments.
This procedure is either used to remove tissue samples mostly for biopsy or to remove a part of the tumour.
The small holes made during Neuroendoscopy are sutured together and are tended.
The optical cable used while surgery must be of the correct size. Correct light intensity is used during Neuroendoscopy. The procedure is done at a low temperature to avoid thermal injuries to the neighboring brain cells.
Postoperative care
Post operation the patient is shifted in the ICU and there they spend at least one night.
Introduce solid food slowly.
Avoid infection
Complications of neurological endoscopy
Prolonged operation time can cause damage to the neighboring brain cell due to the rapid rise of temperature in the site of operation and can further lead to thermal injury to the neighboring brain cells.
Pros of neuroendoscopy
Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive technique thus the chances of complications are quite low and the healing is quite fast.
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